Celtis occidentalis

Celtis occidentalis (Hackberry) is a tough, adaptable native tree known for its irregular form, corky bark, and small berry like fruits. It thrives in a wide range of conditions, including urban environments, and provides strong ecological value as a wildlife supporting species.

Height & Spread: 40 - 60 ft x 40 - 50 ft

Bloom Time: Spring

Light Requirements: Full sun to partial shade

Soil Preference: Highly adaptable; tolerates clay, dry, and urban soils

Watering Needs: Moderate; drought tolerant once established

Deer Resistance: Moderate deer resistance

Native Status

Native to eastern and central North America, commonly found in floodplains, woodlands, and open areas.

WILDLIFE & INSECTS

Birds

• Fruits are eaten by birds such as Cedar Waxwings, Robins, and Mockingbirds.

Butterflies

• Host plant for species such as the Hackberry Emperor and Tawny Emperor butterflies.

Mammals

• Provides food and habitat for small mammals and urban wildlife.

Spacing & Landscape Use

Spacing Recommendations

• Plant 40 - 50 ft apart for canopy development.

Landscape Placement

• Ideal for urban plantings, large landscapes, and restoration areas where durability is needed.

Companion Plants

• Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky Coffeetree) - Shares tolerance for tough urban conditions and open growth habit.
• Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak) - Adds ecological diversity and similar adaptability.
• Amelanchier canadensis (Serviceberry) - Provides seasonal interest and wildlife support beneath the canopy.
• Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass) - Adds structure and native ground layer planting.