Taxodium distichum is a stately deciduous conifer known for its unique ability to thrive in both wet and dry conditions. Commonly called bald cypress, it features soft feathery fernlike needles that turn rich russet orange in fall before dropping. The fluted trunk base and distinctive “knees” (pneumatophores) make it a striking structural element in landscapes with fluctuating water levels or clay heavy soils. Resistant to pests and pollution, it is a long lived species ideal for large naturalistic plantings or restoration areas.
Height & Spread: 50 - 70 ft x 20 - 30 ft
Bloom Time: Insignificant; male catkins and female cones appear in spring
Light Requirements: Full sun
Soil Preference: Tolerates a wide range, from moist swampy soils to drier clay
Watering Needs: Adaptable; tolerates flooding or dry spells once established
Deer Resistance: Moderately deer resistant
Native Status
Native to the southeastern United States, Taxodium distichum is commonly found in floodplains, swamps, and bayous from Delaware to Texas thriving in regions with periodic standing water.
WILDLIFE & INSECTS
Birds
- Seed cones provide food for wood ducks, wild turkeys, and songbirds like cardinals and red winged blackbirds.
Mammals
- Beavers and nutria use bald cypress twigs and bark for food and construction material in riparian ecosystems.
Amphibians & Reptiles
- Its base and root systems offer shelter for frogs, turtles, and snakes in seasonal wetlands.
Spacing & Landscape Use
Spacing Recommendations:
- Space 20 - 30 ft apart when planted in rows; allow ample room for flaring buttresses and root spread.
Landscape Placement:
- Ideal for rain gardens, pond edges, streambanks, or large urban parks where its bold texture and fall color can be appreciated.
Companion Plants
- Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern) - Tall coarse fronds and brown fertile spikes provide naturalistic texture in wet soil.
- Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower) - Brilliant red spikes attract hummingbirds and thrive in the damp shade under cypress.
- Cornus amomum (Silky Dogwood) - Thrives in wet areas and adds spring blooms and blue fruit attractive to birds.
- Carex stricta (Tussock Sedge) - Forms tight mounds that help stabilize wetland soils and visually soften the tree’s base.
- Itea virginica 'Henry’s Garnet' - Graceful arching form and deep red fall color match the cypress’s autumn display in moist areas.